Larger molecular weight polymers will not hydrate readily to free. Jagadeesh singh the mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a popular novel drug delivery method. Thus, the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided in two steps, the contact stage and the. However, mucus retards the adhesion of molecules and can therefore interfere with the oral delivery of nutrients and medications. In the case of polymer attached to the mucin layer, the. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and. Buccal or sublingual regions within oral cavity can be used for systemic delivery of drugs. This has been of interest in the pharmaceutical sciences in order to enhance localised drug delivery, or to deliver difficult molecules proteins and oligonucleotides into the systemic circulation. The wetting theory emphasize the intimate contact between the mucoadhesive polymer and the mucus, and, primarily in liquid systems, it uses. When relating this mechanism to the pharmaceutical sciences, mucoadhesion describes the attractive forces between a biological material and mucus or mucous membrane.
Mdds utilizes the property of bioahesion of certain watersoluble polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence can be used for targeting a drug to a particular region of the body for extended periods of time. The mechanism of mucoadhesion in the nasal cavity can be explained by a number of theories, but it is generally accepted that the mechanism is based on two key stages, the contact and consolidation stages. Drug delivery from an ideal distribution controlled release system. Since the early 1980s, the concept of mucoadhesion has gained considerable interest in pharmaceutical technology. Mucoadhesion is where two surfaces, one of which is a mucous membrane, adhere to each other. So, when formulations containing bioadhesive polymers are instilled in the nasal cavity, they can spread over the nasal epithelium. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Development of buccal drug delivery system based on mucoadhesive polymers khairnar g. The exact mechanism of mucoadhesion is not known but an accepted theory states that a close. Preparation of buccal mucoadhesive controlled drug delivery systems of. Mechanism of mucoadhesion 12 mucoadhesion is twostep process describes the. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have applications from different angles, including development of novel mucoadhesives, design of the device, mechanisms of mucoadhesion and permeation enhancement.
Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer and. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps 1. Several theories have been proposed to explain the fundamental mechanism of adhesion18. The results of this study suggest that, in addition to the reported mechanism of action of the c. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system may be designed to enable prolonged residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and facilitate an intimate contact of the dosage. Mucoadhesion can be defined as the ability of synthetic or biological macromolecules to adhere to mucosal tissues such as the mucosa of the small intestine. When it is applied to mucosal epithelium bioadhesive interaction occurs primarily with mucus layer and this is called as mucoadhesion. When it is applied to mucosal epithelium bioadhesive. Mucoadhesion is a topic of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. In case of mucoadhesion, in this theory, interlocked structure formed between the biological tissue is the mucus membrane and for the process of mucoadhesion a succession of phenomena is required.
Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer and mucin such as h. Acaaddemmiicc s ccii eenncess international journal of. Mucus acts as free radical scavenger partly because of its ability to bind lipids. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a mucosal surface. Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is divided into two stages. Jagadeesh singh the mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a popular novel drug delivery method because mucous membranes are relatively permeable, allowing for the rapid uptake of a drug into the systemic circulation and avoiding the first pass metabolism. Pdf drug actions can be improved by developing new drug delivery systems, such as the.
Chitosan and its derivatives for application in mucoadhesive. Despite the availability of several reported methods to characterize mucoadhesion, the mechanism of mucoadhesion is still insufficiently understood, and a universal technique. Bioadhesive polymeric platforms for transmucosal drug. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been applied to buccal cavity, oesophagus, gastrointestinal tract, eye, nasal cavity, vagina and rectal cavity. It explains the contact between the mucoadhesive polymer and the mucus membrane, with spreading and. Mucoadhesion prolongs contact time of the vehicle with the target tissue, and therefore enhances either absorption of released drug or intracellular uptake of nanoparticulate carriers. Mucoadhesion properties of chitosan microspheres in rat intestine epithelia showed that mucoadhesiveness increased with the amount of free amino groups in chitosan he et al. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucus membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive drug delivery. The feldopa 3 complex can itself account for much crosslinking and cohesion in mussel plaque, but in addition the iron catalyses oxidation of the ldopa to reactive quinone free radicals, which go on to form covalent bonds.
There are many advantages of mucoadhesive buccal drug delivery system that made this a novel drug. Mucoadhesion due its relative complexity, it is likely that the process of mucoadhesion cannot be described by just one of these theories. Contact stage consolidation stage the contact stage involves contact between the. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion the basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion smart, john d. The mucus layer and its interactions with oral drug. In considering the mechanism of mucoadhesion, a whole range dscenariost for invivo mucoadhesive bond formation are possible fig. The gi tract is coated with a thick aqueous layer of mucus. This article covers the anatomy of oral mucosa, mechanism of drug permeation, characteristics and properties of the desired polymers, new generation of the mucoadhesive polymers. The relative importance of each stage will depend on the individual application. A complete understanding of how and why certain macromolecules attach to a mucus surface is not yet available, but a few steps in volved in the. Microspheres as a promising mucoadhesive drug delivery. The mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into.
Shellac is an early example of a bioadhesive put to practical use. Mucous membranes adhere to epithelial surfaces such as the. Mucoadhesion is a field of current interest in the design of drug delivery systems. A complete understanding of how and why certain macromolecules attach to a mucus surface is not yet available, but a few steps involved in the.
Development of keratin nanoparticles for controlled gastric. Pdf mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal. Free movement of the adhesive on the surface of the substrate means that it must. Mucoadhesion describes the attractive forces between a biological material and mucus or mucous membrane.
The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion pdf. Pdf mucoadhesive drug delivery systems researchgate. Polymers used in the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Mucoadhesion or bioadhesion is defined as the attachment of synthetic or biological macromolecules to biological tissue. Mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been presented to explain the mechanism involved. Design and evaluation of hiv microbicides loaded mucoadhesive nanoformulation a dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry presented. Mucoadhesion is commonly defined as the adhesion between two materials, at least one of which is a. This overview about the mucoadhesive dosage forms might be a useful tool for the efficient design of novel mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion. It has been proposed that mucoadhesives which adhere to the gastric mucus layer may be used to prolong gastric retention time of oral dosage forms. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids firstpass hepatic metabolism, thereby reducing metabolism. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion the mechanism of adhesion of certain macromolecules to the surface of a mucous tissue is not well understood yet. Review on mucoadhesive drug delivery system with special.
Mechanisms of mucoadhesion for the occurrence of mucoadhesion, the molecules must involve in bond formation across the interface. Generally divided into two steps acontact stage bconsolidation stage. Mechanisms of mucoadhesion of polyacrylic acid hydrogels. Preliminary studies, using acrylic hydrogels, have established that the density of carboxyl groups on the polymer chain is important for mucoadhesion. Uhrich 1999 drug concentrations at the site of activity and side. Mucoadhesion good defined mucoadhesion as the state in which two materials, at least one biological in nature, are held together for an extended period of time by interfacial forces 3. To understand the roles of the carboxyl groups in mucoadhesion, acrylic acidaerylamide. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems free download as powerpoint presentation. Mucoadhesion prolongs contact time of the vehicle with the target tissue, and therefore. A much less specific biological interaction mechanism is mucoadhesion. Nov 03, 2005 the basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion the basics and underlying mechanisms of mucoadhesion smart, john d.
However, mucus retards the adhesion of molecules and can therefore interfere with the. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system authorstream presentation. Introduction mucoadhesive polymers are synthetic or natural. Increase in expression of matrix metalloproteinases mmps and microbial role in oral diseases is well established and the combination of above active ingredients could be potentially beneficial in treatment of oral mucosal conditions. Design and evaluation of hiv microbicides loaded mucoadhesive nanoformulation a dissertation in pharmaceutical sciences and chemistry presented to the faculty of the university of missourikansas city in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy by jianing meng b. Mar 19, 2018 however, few studies focused on the development of keratinbased mucoadhesive drug delivery, and the mechanism of mucoadhesion of keratins is also not yet clear. The identification of these three pathways is of major importance to forecast the drug delivery of the designed. Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally. But none of these theories alone can explain the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved. Bioadhesion is the mechanism by which two biological materials are held together by interfacial forces. Definition bioadhesion is defined as an ability of material to adhere to biological tissue for an extended period of time. Mucoadhesive effect of curcuma longa extract and curcumin.
Mucoadhesive polymers can be classified as nonspecific first generation polymers and novel second generation polymers based on the mechanism of mucoadhesion. Mdds utilizes the property of bioahesion of certain watersoluble polymers which become adhesive on hydration and hence. Sachan and bhattacharya basics and therapeutic potential of oral mucoadhesive ijpcr aprjune, 2009, vol 1, issue 11014 14 iii. Gels free fulltext doxycycline and monocaprin in situ. Mucoadhesion of progesteroneloaded drug delivery nanofiber. Mechanism of mucoadhesion the mechanism of mucoadhesion is generally divided into two steps. Pharmaceutical applications of mucoadhesion for the nonaoral routes. This has been of interest in the pharmaceutical sciences in order to enhance localised drug delivery, or to. Therefore, we have fabricated the mucoadhesion controlled keratin nanoparticles an d investigated their mucoadhesive mechanisms. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process.
Bioadhesion, mucoadhesion, buccal drug delivery, thiolated polymers. The feldopa 3 complex can itself account for much crosslinking and cohesion in mussel plaque, but in addition the iron catalyses oxidation of the ldopa to reactive quinone free. A systematic investigation of the mechanisms of mucoadhesion clearly. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. The mechanism by which mucoadhesion takes place has been said to have two stages, the contact wetting stage followed by the consolidation stage the establishment of the adhesive interactions. Mucus mucus is a translucent and viscid which forms a thin, continuous gel blanket adherent to the epithelial surface. The theories include electronic theory, adsorption theory, wetting theory. Pdf mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action. Mucoadhesion theories mucoadhesion is a complex process and numerous theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms involved12. The first stage is characterized by the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucus membrane with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initially its deep contact with the mucus layer. Mucus mucus is a translucent and viscid which forms a thin, continuous gel blanket adherent.
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